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As in the English Bitters, there are varying styles of pale ales. They all share a pronounced hop flavor and aroma with low to medium maltiness. There is also a good deal of fruity esters. Among the types of pale ales are the English, the India (IPA), and the American. English have a dry character usually due the high sulfate content of the water. The India Pale Ale is usually stronger and hoppier because the higher alcohol content and hop acids acted as a preservative on the long boat journey from England to its colonies in India. The American is usually amber in color and has a bit more maltiness flavor than the other two. When brewing pale ales, fresh, quality hops is a necessity. Here is the technical information for the India Pale Ale:

OG (Original Gravity): 1.050–1.070
FG (Finished Gravity): 1.012–1.018
IBU’s (International Bittering Units): 40–60
SRM (Standard Reference Method): 8-14
Alcohol (% by volume): 5.0–7.6
Examples: Anchor Brewing Co.’s Liberty Ale, Sierra Nevada Pale Ale, Samuel Smith’s Pale Ale